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This book studies the establishment of the capital of Beijing in the Yuan and Ming dynasties and its food supply issues from the important historical perspective of the interactive relationship between natural conditions and the development of human society. Beijing, the capital city, has geographical advantages, but the difficulty lies in food supply. In order to solve the problem of food supply for the capital, the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties initiated water transportation to transport food from the southeast. Then came the problems of canal water transportation and management of the Yellow and Huaihe rivers. Therefore, officials and scholars in the south of the Yangtze River proposed to develop water conservancy in north and northwest China, solve the problem of food supply for the capital nearby, or restore sea transportation, which vividly demonstrated the historical scene of people at that time being restricted by natural conditions. This book studies the geographical concepts and changes of Duyan in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the conflicts and consciousness between northern agriculture and the capital's support for food in the southeast, and the relationship and understanding of water and sea transportation and geographical conditions.