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This book is a "people-oriented" academic history of China's modern borderlands. It focuses on borderland scholars during the Republic of China and is divided into two dimensions: group and individual. It conducts an in-depth discussion of border and border affairs issues and the construction of the integrity of the Chinese nation in academic circles during the Republic of China. It fully demonstrates the early efforts of the academic community to build a community of the Chinese nation. This book first focuses on a group of scholars, explores their border concepts and claims on border affairs, and sorts out their disciplinary efforts in studying China's borderlands; then it focuses on individual scholars, emphasizing the relationship between the scholar's era, life experience, and academic achievements, and provides a review of borderland studies. This paper briefly discusses the experiences and ideas of border studies by Gu Jiegang, Li Anzhai, Yu Shiyu, Xu Yitang, and Zhang Tingxiu, whose artificial identity markers have been less studied. Finally, it reviews and looks forward to the current academic efforts to construct border studies in China and its future development paths.