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This book is a textual research and analysis of the pre-Qin Legalist classic "Shang Jun Shu" and an elucidation of the Legalist political thought contained in it. The book first takes the text of "Shang Jun Shu" (hereinafter referred to as the original canon) as the benchmark, and conducts research and analysis from three aspects: 1. Examining the various historical facts of the Warring States period involved in the original canon, as well as the different views of various schools on these historical facts. 2. Correct the views and arguments in the original canon that have been distorted by later generations; comment on the blind spots and controversial points in the study of the original canon. 3. Analyze the legacy significance, inheritance value and historical flaws of the classical governance theory and rule of law theory in the original classics with the concept of modern and contemporary political civilization. The book believes that from the Warring States of Qin to the unified Qin Empire, there was a classical Chinese society ruled by law. Its crystallization, "Shang Jun Shu", discusses the systematic theory of the country's realization of a ruled by law society and its choice of governance model from the perspective of rule of law practice and governance.