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This book was derived from the master's thesis written by Professor Shi Quan when he was a student of Mr. Chen Yinke, and was completed in 1948. After half a century of history, it was washed away and buried by wind, rain, and dust. It was first published in 1997. This reprint has a completely new look. Aiming to perfect this classic. The author has a strong sense of urgency, and through the investigation of the evolution of China's internal political situation before and after the Sino-Japanese War of 18-1889, he clarifies that the Sino-Japanese War of 18-1888 was actually an important turning point in China's modern history, in order to keep pace with the evolution of the international situation in the Far East. The overview of this book is rigorous and broad, and the argumentation is profound. The author's diligent exploration has withstood the test of time and provides an excellent example for us to understand how scholars in the Republic of China viewed the late Qing Dynasty.