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Dunhuang is a dazzling pearl on the Silk Road. The rich murals of past dynasties preserved in the Dunhuang Grottoes are precious image materials for interpreting the history and culture of the Silk Road. This book uses the method of "illustration of history" to deeply explore the images related to Silk Road exchanges in Dunhuang murals, and explains the cultural attributes, historical cognition, and Silk Road appearance behind them. Through special research on images such as merchants being stolen, silk paintings, Hu Xuan dances, and Korean Peninsula characters, we reveal the historical color and cultural elements of the Silk Road contained in each type of image, and restore a series of real and vivid historical scenes of Silk Road exchanges, exchanges, and blends. It can be called a graphic version of Silk Road history. This book is an important academic achievement that explains Dunhuang as "a city where Huarong was connected", "the throat of the Silk Road" and "the intersection of the world's four major civilizations". It reveals the far-reaching significance of the Dunhuang Grottoes in recording Silk Road transportation and trade, material exchanges, cultural dissemination and artistic interaction, and provides valuable data support for understanding the close relationship between Dunhuang and the Silk Road.