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The Biography of Heroes of Guanshan by Li Daluan

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Li Daluan, a native of Liuyang, Hunan, has been farming for generations. His father was persecuted by landlords and died in middle age. In 1574 AD (the second year of Wanli), his brother, sister and cousin Yang Qingshan officially launched an uprising in Daweishan, Tonggu, under the banner of "robbing the rich and giving to the poor", resisting taxes and opening warehouses to help the poor. Soon a team of 70,000 people gathered. Li Daluan chose the natural danger of Huanggang Cave, used a temple in Lijiaping inside the cave as a gathering hall, overhauled the "Dianxiaochang" and "Horse Racecourse" and proclaimed himself "King of Chu". In addition to the heavy troops stationed in Huanggangdong, he also sent rebels to establish branch villages at Tonggu Ancient Bridge and Dadan, Fengxin Baizhang, Wanzai Liyuan, Yifengche and other places. They could attack the prefecture and seize the capital, and retreat and stick to their old nests, showing superb military talents. The rebel army once captured and occupied Ningzhou (Xishui), Yifeng, Tonggu, Wuning, Jing'an, Fengxin, Wanzai, Shanggao, Liuyang, Pingjiang and other counties, causing great panic among the rulers. The Ming Dynasty sent troops to "conquer" many times, but all failed. In the summer of 1576 AD, the Ming Dynasty appointed Deng Zilong, a famous general and Poyang garrison, to join forces with local armed forces from eight prefectures and counties including Pingjiang, Liuyang, Yifeng, Wanzai, Ningzhou, Wuning, and Fengxin to adopt a five-way, step-by-step strategy. He followed the strategy of war and compressed the rebel army to the Huanggang Mountain area; when the rebel army needed supplies, Deng Zilong "secretly ordered dozens of cavalry" to disguise themselves as businessmen and sneak into the old camp of the rebel army. In November 1577 (the fifth year of Wanli), Li Daluan and Yang Qingshan were killed in the "Civil and Military Suppression" of the Ming Dynasty army. The vigorous Li Daluan Uprising finally failed, lasting only more than three years.