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This book mainly studies the historical poetics pioneered by the famous Russian scholar Veselovsky, who advocated "clarifying the essence of poetry from the history of poetry." This book explains the academic background, theoretical framework and internal mechanism of historical poetics, as well as the study of the historical evolution of literary genres and literary forms; it studies how Bakhtin, Zhirmonsky, Meledinsky and Khrapchenko developed historical poetics after the 20th century. They successively proposed that the dialectical relationship between synchronic research and diachronic research should be properly handled, that the research object should be expanded from the evolution of form to the evolution of poetic consciousness, and that the study of historical poetics should be conducted in a broader cultural context.