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The turn of the 19th to 20th centuries was an era of decline of old learning and disputes over new learning; under the impact of Western learning, concepts such as "national quintessence" and "national studies" emerged. This book focuses on "Chinese Studies" and uses it as a "starting point" to analyze the contemporary theme of "country and academics" - what is Chinese Studies? Does Chinese traditional culture hinder China from "going global"? How does Chinese studies itself "go global"? After a series of questioning, the author unfolds in front of us a series of ideological debates that are full of differences and confusion, far beyond the scope of academics, and have relatively wide participation in society. This book generally covers the two major movements of preserving national essence in the late Qing Dynasty and reorganizing national heritage in the Republic of China. It discusses the fundamental issues facing the ideological and cultural level of this era, and also expresses the common expectation of many Chinese scholars in the early 20th century, that is, the overall "rejuvenation" of China.

"Culture and Politics in an Era of Radical Changes: From the New Culture Movement to the Northern Expedition" discusses the culture and politics in the era of radical changes from the New Culture Movement to the Northern Expedition, from the connection between scholars' mentality and politics on the eve of the May Fourth Movement, to the competition between various ideological concepts, behavioral orientations, and political forces after the May Fourth Movement, as well as the interaction of these factors in the competition.