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During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the vast area "west and south of Bashu" and the many ethnic groups living in this area were called "Southwestern Yi". The two Han Dynasties' exploration and governance of the southwestern barbarians laid the foundation for the political stability, multi-ethnic intermingling, and cultural prosperity of China's southwestern frontiers for more than 2,000 years. A large number of material cultural relics, relics and ruins of the Han Dynasty have been preserved in the Southwest Yi hometown. Through the material cultural relics and reviewing their social and cultural significance, we can see the positive impact of Han Dynasty governance, transportation, immigration, Han culture, and mainland customs on the social development of southwestern Yi. Through archaeological discoveries, documentary records and ethnographic materials, this book aims to present the historical process of ethnic exchanges, exchanges and integration in Southwest Yi society in the Han Dynasty from multiple dimensions, reveal the true picture of the social and cultural changes and transformation of Southwest Yi, clarify the role and contribution of Southwest Yi in the formation and development of the unified national system in the Han Dynasty, and understand the inherent historical logic of the formation and development of China's unified multi-ethnic country.