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This book takes the anthology of ancient poems from the Ming and Qing dynasties as the main line, and places the anthology in the context of the poetic thought and cultural development of the times. It begins with the debate between the "teacher's heart" and "retroversion" of the Ming people. After cultural selection and integration, it finally ends with the "return to tradition" of the Qing people. The book is divided into two parts, the upper and lower parts. The first part focuses on the detailed analysis of each selection, aiming to extract its main ideas and inner spirit through specific criticism, and outline the process and evolution of the selection's participation in the construction of poetic theory through comparison with other selections. The second part will vertically sort out the confrontation and integration of poetic concepts of various schools, and explore the process of gradual clarity of poetic concepts in the confrontation and integration.