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This book uses Gnosticism, a religious and cultural spirituality originating from the pre-Christian era, as a hidden clue to examine the origins and historical evolution of German Romantic literature and poetics from a post-Enlightenment cultural perspective, revealing the Pagan tradition (Pagantradition) that seeks legitimacy in European modernity. By reflecting on the Romantic concepts of nature, melancholy, irony, and myth, this book attempts to reconstruct the cultural context and image system of German Romantic literature and demonstrate the spiritual origins of European literary modernity appeals.