Library

The content of "The Ups and Downs of the Caliphate" begins with the birth of Islam in 610 and ends with the Mongol army's occupation of Baghdad in 1258. It includes the following four aspects: 1. The rise of Islamic civilization; 2. The changes in the caliphate; 3. The economic and social life of the Middle East in the caliphate era; 4. The colorful Arab Islamic culture. After the death of Muhammad, the founder of Islam, in 632 AD, the Muslims, after a hundred years of hard work, established a huge empire that stretched from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Pamir Plateau in the east, to the Caucasus in the north, and to the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Aden in the south. This was the caliphate. On the grand stage of "three continents and five seas", those Arabs, Persians and Turks who believe in Islam have jointly created the dazzling Arab Islamic civilization in the years. It connects the past and the future, brings together the east and the west, enables the continuation of the fire of human civilization, enables mutually isolated nations to integrate and communicate, and makes outstanding contributions to the world from dispersion to unity.