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This book introduces in detail the history of ancient Chinese people's use of water to bring advantages and eliminate disadvantages. Prosperity mainly refers to building farmland water conservancy, digging canals, expanding waterways, and establishing urban water supply and drainage systems; eliminating disadvantages mainly refers to flood drainage and waterlogging prevention, especially preventing the overflow of major rivers such as the Yellow River and Yangtze River and the invasion of coastal tides. Since ancient times, the establishment of water conservancy and flood prevention and control have been major issues related to the national economy and people's livelihood. In the long history of 4,000 years, a number of people and events have emerged that are worthy of praise and praise. Zheng Guo, Li Bing, Ximen Bao, Guo Shoujing, etc. Are all well-deserved heroes among them. They have accumulated rich experience and lessons for our future generations in practice.