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By observing the rural power structure, this book understands its operating mechanism, understands the basic trend of ancient Chinese rural society, and understands the basic economic structure, power structure and internal operating mechanism of traditional Chinese society. In the establishment of contractual relationships among rural people, state power can be exercised and rural social order can be maintained. Taxes and levies directly or indirectly affect economic development and people's lives. The country tries its best to maintain a balance and basically maintains the stable operation of society. At the same time, we examine the process of wealth circulation and distribution in rural society, and understand the delicate balance between control and counter-control, survival and order in rural society. The whole book strives to form a continuous dynamic study spanning the Tang, Five Dynasties and Song Dynasties, focusing on "process" and "relationship". In a detailed analysis of basic historical data, the real life of rural residents is discussed. Try to change the top-down national perspective to a grassroots perspective and try your best to integrate into it. Explore the behavior of local rural people at that time, and look at the relationship between rural society, state and county power, the court and the country from the perspective of rural residents. Based on the interpretation of basic historical materials, new insights are put forward, hoping to slightly advance the research on some traditional propositions.