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Tan Xian (1832-1901) was a patriarchal figure in the late Qing dynasty. He compiled "Futang Cihua", "Futang Cilu", "Zhongci", "Futang Ci", etc. Ye Gongchuo called it "the trend of the past thirty years", and Mao Guangsheng Known as a "giant of Yisheng", Qian Zhonglian's "Records of Ci Poetry in the Past Hundred Years" is likened to "Chao Gai, the King of Pagodas". It has had a profound impact on the Ci world in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, as well as today's understanding of the development and construction of the history of Qing Ci and even the entire history of Ci. This book focuses on the use of first-hand historical materials such as Tan Xian's manuscripts, diaries, letters, etc., And strives to explore new issues and explain new viewpoints on the basis of new documents, with detailed citations and rigorous arguments. It overall demonstrates the characteristics of Tan Xian's Ci studies and reveals Tan Xian's significance to the modern transformation of Ci studies. At the same time, through the process of reinterpreting Tan Xian, a "middle-class literati" from a sociological perspective, it opens up a new interpretation space for us to understand the class characteristics of late Qing literature.