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Glory and Tragedy: Why the Song Dynasty Went from the Peak of Civil Rule to Decline in 300 Years
History辉煌与悲情：300年大宋王朝何以从文治巅峰走向衰亡
Fu Xiaofan
If you could go back to ancient times and be a commoner, which dynasty would you go to? A historian once answered: Go to the Song Dynasty. Why is the Song Dynasty the most suitable era for "travelers", and how should it be defined? Is it a paradise for literati, a hell for generals, or a peak era of open and inclusive culture and a booming economy? "Brilliance" and "sadness" are exactly two sides of the Song Dynasty. Its establishment is full of legend, and it is one of the few new regimes in Chinese history that was established without experiencing bloodshed and massacre. It is surrounded by powerful enemies and its culture is so weak that it has to pay indemnities year after year. However, it has remained standing for more than three hundred years. Its economy and culture are highly developed. Not only are there many literary heroes, but also many outstanding figures such as Yue Fei, Xin Qiji, and Wen Tianxiang have emerged. How did a dynasty with such great achievements come to an inevitable decline? Is it inevitable due to the environment of the times, or is it disturbed by human power?
If you could go back to ancient times and be a commoner, which dynasty would you go to? A historian once answered: Go to the Song Dynasty. Why is the Song Dynasty the most suitable era for "travelers", and how should it be defined? Is it a paradise for literati, a hell for generals, or a peak era of open and inclusive culture and a booming economy? "Brilliance" and "sadness" are exactly two sides of the Song Dynasty. Its establishment is full of legend, and it is one of the few new regimes in Chinese history that was established without experiencing bloodshed and massacre. It is surrounded by powerful enemies and its culture is so weak that it has to pay indemnities year after year. However, it has remained standing for more than three hundred years. Its economy and culture are highly developed. Not only are there many literary heroes, but also many outstanding figures such as Yue Fei, Xin Qiji, and Wen Tianxiang have emerged. How did a dynasty with such great achievements come to an inevitable decline? Is it inevitable due to the environment of the times, or is it disturbed by human power?