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This book systematically combs the development and evolution of frontier studies in modern China, and explores the different characteristics of the content and methods of frontier studies in each period and their connection with internal and external situations. It focuses on analyzing the reconstruction of the paradigm of modern border studies, border studies and modern nation-building, modern border issues and international factors, the understanding of border politics among elites in border politics in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, the evolution and discipline construction of border studies in the Republic of China, and the development of border studies in China in the 1930s and 1940s. And explore the differences between southwest and northwest frontier studies from the perspective of regional history. Conduct a case study on Wu Qichang to explain the impact of changing times on the transformation of research paths of modern scholars.

During the period of the Nanjing National Government, Japan fully invaded China, and the southwest border gradually evolved from a marginal area into a key area related to national rejuvenation and national prosperity. The status of the southwest border in the eyes of the Chinese people has been significantly improved. Therefore, how the Nanjing National Government governs the southwest border space area is an important part of the Kuomintang party's political system to realize the construction of a nation-state. However, the KMT's fragile party governance system was unable to fully control the southwestern border areas. Due to the differences in the social and political structures within the southwest frontier and the fragility of the Nanjing National Government's party system, the Nanjing National Government's governance policies and practices for different provinces and regions in the southwest frontier have both commonalities and heterogeneity.