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Based on a large number of Qing palace archives and letters exchanged between members of the Jesuit Society, this book provides a panoramic view of all aspects of Italian painter Castiglione's life and work during his stay in China, enriching and perfecting his image in the history of Chinese art. In view of the thin horse image that appeared in several of Lang Shining's paintings, this paper systematically combed the metaphors of "thin horse" in different cultural contexts, and combined with Lang Shining's situation in China, boldly proposed a view: the thin horse image in Lang Shining's paintings is likely to be a projection of himself. This book is also equipped with a large number of pictures and color printing, which helps readers more intuitively understand the inner connection between Castiglione's paintings and his Chinese experience.