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This book is an excellent conclusion of the National Social Science Foundation project. It comprehensively uses historical anthropology and other research methods to comprehensively and in-depth explore the composition of the natives in the Wuling area since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the flow of the natives' boundaries and the changes of the ethnic groups, as well as the simultaneous regional social transformation. It corrects the vague or even wrong understanding in the past that "earth" refers to the ancestors of the Tujia people. Some new understandings have been formed and some breakthroughs have been made in the research field of nationalization of ancient Chinese border areas and ethnic relations in border areas, which not only provide a basis for properly handling ethnic relations and formulating scientific ethnic policies in line with historical facts and historical logic, but also provide historical lessons and inspiration for strengthening ethnic unity and forging a strong sense of the Chinese nation's community.