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This book is one of the major works of Professor Marcus Lee Hansen, a famous immigration history expert, and won the 1941 Pulitzer Prize for History. Unlike most experts on the history of immigration, Professor Marcus Lee Hansen studies immigration from a European rather than an American standpoint: How did the intertwining of factors such as changes in farming and land ownership, the rise of industry, natural disasters, political oppression, religious discrimination, and the coercive policies of immigration agencies lead to the formation of immigration waves? What possibilities does the development of science and technology provide for the formation of immigration waves? Why did people at that time spend everything they had in order to design a sailing route? As the paradise that people yearn for, why is there a low tide of immigration in the United States? Why does the U. S. Government sometimes actively promote and sometimes deliberately hinder immigration? In short, this book reproduces the magnificent history of civilian immigrants from major European countries to the United States from the 17th to the 19th century in an epic style.