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A Brief History of Türkiye

(uk)norman Stone

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On April 16, 2017, Turkey's referendum on constitutional amendments ended. The people agreed to change the prime ministerial system to a presidential system, giving the president greater power, causing an uproar around the world. Why does a country's constitutional reform affect the world? What impact will the political changes in Türkiye have on world politics? The famous historian Norman Stone started writing 1,000 years ago and narrated the vicissitudes of Turkey's past. In a few words, he wrote from the Seljuks in Anatolia in the 11th century to Turkey's application to join the European Union in the 21st century, from the Ottoman Turkish Empire to the Republic of Turkey. He also made an in-depth analysis of the post-World War I Turkey that was full of turmoil and conflicts due to factors such as East and West, religion, tradition, and modernization, and even affected the country's positioning. Only by understanding Turkey's rise and fall, national awakening, religious resistance, etc. Can you understand why Turkey, a country at the junction of Europe and Asia, has become an "Eastern problem" in the past century.