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During the Stone Age, early Homo sapiens developed most of our current ideas. Entering the agricultural age, we experienced the development of social organization concepts, followed by the evolution from chiefs to kings. Intellectuals appeared, wrote texts, formulated laws, deified kingship, and established work ethics and family concepts. Humanity entered the Axial Age and ushered in Moses, Zoroaster, Confucius and the ancient Greek sages. They not only provided the concept of creation, but also the concept of redemption and the concept of fraternity. Their influence widely affected the body and spirit, the country and the church, politics and religion. These ideas foreshadowed the way we think now and have dominated our thoughts and feelings for 1,400 years. After the Age of Faith, the Renaissance, the Reformation and the Scientific Revolution followed, discovering the world and also discovering human nature. The 18th century was an era of enlightenment. In the 19th century, nationalism, militarism, advocating violence, racial origin, scientific supremacy, historical inevitability, and worship of the country became popular. For human civilization, thought is the real protagonist. Thought is not only the key ability for human advancement, but also the main driving force for changes in human lifestyles and historical evolution. For modern people, the basic ideological tools we rely on to live today have been developed over the course of tens of thousands of years. If we are to truly understand human history and ourselves, we must confront the evolution of ideas and the value of ideas. This 200,000-year history of human thought from a broad historical perspective will lead you to appreciate the full picture of human knowledge, re-understand society, and understand ourselves.