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This is a classic work that won the 2018 Gilder Lerman Military History Award. It is also the core work of British historian Andrew Lambert, a well-known scholar in the field of global maritime history. This book with the meaning of "big thinking" tells the story of the past glorious era and future direction of sea-power countries, explores how medium-sized countries in the past and present have consciously created characteristics with the sea as the core, and deeply analyzes the fundamental conflicts between sea and land civilizations and the formation process of the modern world pattern. In this book, the author focuses on five maritime powers that are curious about the outside world: Athens, Carthage, Venice, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom, and explores how their innate and unique maritime power culture enabled them to achieve success beyond the scale of their own territories and become "ocean overlords" that flourished for a time. But when the conflict between land power and sea power becomes increasingly clear, and the global pattern undergoes drastic changes, the status of the "ocean" begins to be rethought and redefined. This is also an issue that we need to pay attention to and solve today.