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In December 1937, the Japanese army invaded Nanjing, the ancient capital of China. Within weeks, more than 300,000 Chinese civilians and soldiers were systematically raped, tortured, and massacred-a death toll exceeding the number of victims of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki combined. Zhang Chunru not only details the crazy atrocities of the Japanese army in the book, but also analyzes the indifference to human life of Japanese soldiers who grew up in a militaristic cultural background. Zhang Chunru conducted numerous interviews with survivors of the Nanjing Massacre and unearthed many important documents for the first time. The book first explains the root causes of the Nanjing Massacre from many aspects such as why Japanese soldiers and officers were completely divorced from basic human behavioral norms, the psychological level in which Japanese schools and textbooks instilled hatred and contempt for the Chinese people in students, and the highly militarized education system.