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In the past two centuries, the West came to China, plundered art treasures from caves, palaces and art dealers' secret rooms, and stole a large number of national treasures such as sculptures, furniture, porcelain, calligraphy and paintings. Dunhuang murals, Longmen Grottoes, Zhaoling Six Horses... Where are these rare treasures now? Among the treasure thieves, besides the notorious Stein, Warner, and Lu Qinzhai, who are the other lesser-known "masterminds"? By consulting private documents, historical archives, and the memoirs of major figures, the two authors describe in detail the history of how Western collectors, headed by Americans, tried their best to obtain Chinese art from the Opium War to 1949. These cultural relics eventually gave birth to the booming development of the Chinese antique market in Europe and the United States, and also inspired the Chinese people's efforts to rely on the art market to promote the return of national treasures.