Drugs refer to chemical substances that can change or identify the physiological functions and pathological conditions of the body and are used to prevent, treat and diagnose diseases.
Adverse drug reactions refer to unexpected and harmful reactions produced by drugs under normal administration. The purpose of drugs is to treat diseases or relieve symptoms. However, some drugs may have some adverse effects on the human body during use.
The occurrence of adverse drug reactions may be related to individual differences, genetic factors, drug dosage, time, patient age and other factors. Generally, adverse drug reactions can be divided into two categories: common adverse reactions and rare adverse reactions.
Common adverse reactions refer to those that are common in clinical practice and have been widely studied and reported. These reactions are usually predictable and acceptable to patients, such as headache, nausea, vomiting, skin irritation, etc. There are many such reactions
First pass effect: also known as first pass elimination or first pass effect. Certain drugs undergo inactivation metabolism through the intestinal mucosa and liver, reducing the amount of drugs entering the systemic circulation.
The main reason why morphine is prohibited for labor analgesia is that therapeutic amounts of morphine can enhance the tone of uterine smooth muscle, prolong the labor process, and affect delivery. Morphine also suppresses breathing in newborns.
The post-antibacterial effect, also known as the post-antibiotic effect, refers to the reduction of the serum concentration of antibiotics in the blood to
Purpose: Summary of medical physiology book