Cai E, a modern Chinese military strategist and patriotic general. His original name was Gen Yin, and his courtesy name was Songpo. He was a native of Baoqing (now Shaoyang), Hunan. In 1898, he entered Changsha Current Affairs School, where he studied under Liang Qichao and Tan Sitong, and was influenced by the reform ideas of Liang Qichao and others. Later, he studied at the Japanese Military Academy. He returned to China in 1904 and served as an instructor in Jiangxi and Hunan military schools. The following year, he was transferred to Guangxi and served successively as the New Army's General Staff Officer and Chief Instructor, General Office of the Army Primary School, and New Army Co-Commander. In early 1911, he was transferred to Yunnan and served as the 37th Assistant Commander of the 19th Town of the New Army. In October, he launched the New Army in Kunming in response to the Wuchang Uprising. He was promoted to the commander-in-chief and later the governor of Yunnan. In 1913, he was transferred to Beijing by Yuan Shikai and entrusted with the posts of Vice President of the Translation and Translation Office of the Ministry of War and Supervision of the National Economic and Border Bureau to win over and monitor him. When Yuan Shikai was planning to proclaim himself emperor in 1915, Cai E sneaked out of Beijing on the pretext of going to Tianjin for medical treatment, and arrived in Kunming via Japan. On December 25, he, Tang Jiyao and others declared the independence of Yunnan, organized a national defense army, launched a national defense war, marched into Sichuan, and repeatedly defeated Yuan's army. In the spring of 1916, he led his troops to defeat the superior Yuan army in the Naxi and Luzhou areas of Sichuan, forcing Yuan to abolish the imperial system. After Yuan's death, he served as governor of Sichuan and chief of civil affairs. Soon he went to Japan for medical treatment due to illness, and died in Fukuoka on November 8, 1916. His posthumous works are compiled into "Cai Songpo Collection". His old anecdotes are widely circulated among the people, and are known to all women and children.
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