Around the thirty-fifth year of Qianlong (1770), on the surface it was the tail end of the "Kangxi and Qianlong Dynasties", but in fact there were internal crises: Politics: Imperial power was highly concentrated, but corruption was common in the bureaucracy, the literary prison was high-pressure, and conflicts between the Manchus and Han and the banner people were sharp. Economy: Population explosion, serious land annexation, serious abuses in water transportation, salt administration, and tariffs, and undercurrents of secret societies such as the White Lotus Sect and Tianli Sect. Military: The Eight Banners' armaments are in decline, the Green Camp's combat effectiveness has declined, and there are hidden dangers in the northwest Hui region, the southwest Miao border, and the southeastern sea border. External: The Industrial Revolution has begun in the West, the British East India Company is expanding its power, the Macartney Mission is about to come to China, and the world is on the eve of drastic changes.
