In the second year of Chongzhen, Huang Taiji led 100,000 Eight Banners cavalry to besiege Tongzhou in an attempt to take the capital directly, and showed great contempt for the defender Zhu Chunchen. The Tongzhou defenders were timid in the face of the pressure of heavy armored cavalry, and the submissive Zhu Chunchen was forced to take command in the city, relying on the newly developed flintlock guns and red cannons to defend the city. Huang Taiji ordered 10,000 heavy cavalry to charge. When the enemy army approached 150 steps, Zhu Chunchen hysterically gave the order to fire in extreme fear. The Ming army's firearms exploded, and the decisive battle was imminent.
