The Rise and Fall of Qin and Han

The Book of Documents: Gao Yao set forth his plans, Yu accomplished his work, and Emperor Shun commended him. Thus were composed “The Great Yu,” “The Counsels of Gao Yao,” and “Yi and Ji.”

In accordance with the ancient records, the Great Yu said: “Wenming’s fame spread throughout the four seas, and he reverently served the Emperor.” He also said, “The ruler must find it hard to be a ruler, and the minister must find it hard to be a minister. Only then will government be well ordered and the people diligently practice virtue.”

The Emperor said, “Yes! If it is truly so, good words will have nothing to hide, no worthy person will be left in the countryside, and all the realms will be at peace. Heed the counsel of the people, set aside your own views and follow theirs, do not oppress those who have no one to turn to, and do not abandon the poor and destitute. Only then will you truly be fit to rule.”

Yi said, “How great is the Emperor’s virtue! It extends far and wide. He is both sagely and divine, both martial and cultured. Heaven has bestowed its favor upon him, and he rules over the four seas as sovereign of all under Heaven.”