The first-tier cities that developed rapidly after the reform and opening up spanned from the late 1990s to the 2020s. This city has both a glamorous CBD and high-end residential areas, as well as a mixed old town, urban villages, wholesale markets and entertainment streets. The rapid development of the economy has brought opportunities, but also given rise to issues such as power rent-seeking, turf competition, and interest disputes, providing soil for the survival and development of the underworld. At the same time, with the continuous strengthening of urban governance, the underworld is also facing the dilemma from "barbaric growth" to "whitewashing transformation" to "difficult survival".
