Written by Ma Yong, a researcher of modern and contemporary history at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and a renowned historian, this book focuses on the political turmoil of the 38 years of the Republic of China. Approaching the subject through its key figures, political thought, and events, the author explores the shifts in power, struggles over competing interests, and historical causes behind the Republic's upheavals. It addresses central questions such as “Who truly ruled the Republic?” and “What blood and tears lay behind the changes in its political establishment?” Grounded in deep academic expertise but written in accessible language, the book avoids the dry, rigid style of traditional history books. It guides readers through the sweeping changes of the Republic's history and the shifting tides of its era.