In the third year of Qingli reign of Emperor Renzong of the Northern Song Dynasty (1043), Bianjing became the capital, and the three pillars of Song, Liao and Xixia were established. At the beginning of the implementation of the Qingli New Deal, there was an undercurrent in the court between reformists such as Fan Zhongyan and Fu Bi and conservatives such as Lu Yijian; the private market was prosperous, and the Bianhe River water transportation was busy, but Jianghu forces and foreign tribes were hidden; although there were no large-scale wars on the border, Xixia and Liao were secretly testing, and occasionally there were small-scale conflicts.
