The mid-Northern Song Dynasty (1023-1086) covers the nine dynasties of Renzong Tiansheng, Jingyou, Qingli, Huangyou, Zhihe, Jiayou, Yingzong Zhiping, Shenzong Xining, and Yuanfeng, focusing on the three core contradictions of court reform, people's livelihood governance, and border games.
