Introduction to Xia Dynasty
The Xia Dynasty (approximately 2070 BC - approximately 1600 BC) was the first hereditary dynasty recorded in Chinese history books. It is generally believed that it was established by Yu, and that the successor of Yu was located in Ziqi. This marked the transition from the "concession system" to the "hereditary system" and the beginning of the "family world" model.
Its ruling center was roughly in the present-day central and western Henan and southern Shanxi. The Erlitou site discovered by archeology is considered to be the remains of the capital of the late Xia Dynasty. Palace buildings, bronze ritual vessels, copper casting workshops, etc. Were unearthed at this site, which proves that it already had a certain state shape and a high level of civilization at that time.
The Xia Dynasty lasted for 14 generations and 17 queens ("hou" is the title of the monarch of the Xia Dynasty). The last monarch Jie was famous for his cruelty. Social conflicts intensified in the later period of his rule. He was finally defeated by the tribal coalition led by Shang Tang. The Xia Dynasty was destroyed and the Shang Dynasty was established. The establishment of the Xia Dynasty is regarded as an important symbol of the formation of early Chinese states, laying the foundation for the subsequent development of Shang and Zhou civilization.
