From the mid-Northern Song Dynasty to the early Southern Song Dynasty, Han merchants, in the wave of "prosperity of the commodity economy" and "disintegration of the market system", grew from traders in the Bianjing market to commercial giants that connected the domestic market and overseas trade. In the process of innovating business models and balancing the relationship between government and business, they understood that "businessmen are not only profit-seekers, but also activate people's livelihood and connect the internal and external economic ties", completing the growth and transformation from "small merchants and hawkers" to "commercial innovators".
