In the early Qing Dynasty, during the policy changes of "land enclosure order" and "shared land", the refugees from Shandong grew from humble tenant farmers who rented flag land to leaders of land reclamation who led immigrants to reclaim wasteland in the Northeast. In the gap between land and nation, they understood that "farming is not only survival, but also the foundation for breaking down barriers and taking root in the land" and completed their growth and transformation from "foreign land tenants" to "frontier reclaimers".
