From the final years of the Kangxi reign to the beginning of the Qianlong reign (approximately 1708–1745), this period encompasses the aftermath of the nine princes' succession struggle in Kangxi's later years, the harsh purges and determined reforms of the Yongzheng reign, and the transition following Qianlong's accession. It was one of the Qing dynasty's most intense periods of power struggles and most complex political climates.
