During the Qing Dynasty, the unified multi-ethnic country was consolidated and developed. The Qing Dynasty unified the Mongolian tribes, incorporated Xinjiang and Tibet into its territory, and actively safeguarded the integrity of the country's territorial sovereignty. During the Qianlong period, China's pattern as a unified multi-ethnic world power was finally determined. In its heyday, the Qing Dynasty reached Congling and Lake Balkhash in the west, Tangnu Uliang Sea in the northwest, Mobei and Siberia in the north, the Pacific Ocean (including Sakhalin Island) in the east, and the Nansha Islands in the south. Including more than 50 ethnic groups, the country is unprecedentedly unified. On February 12, 1912, Puyi abdicated, issued an edict to abdicate the Qing emperor, and the Qing Dynasty fell.
