The short fifteen years from 1912 to 1926 were the early years of the Republic of China in China, and the entire Taisho period in Japan. During these fifteen years, China's Beiyang warlords clashed with the southern regime and gradually moved towards the unification of the country by the southern Kuomintang forces. In Japan, the old feudal lords and private political parties also continued to engage in fierce struggles. In the process, military forces quietly emerged and came to power in the early Showa era, completing one of the most important transformations in Japan's political modernization process. However, the history of these fifteen years is unfamiliar and vague to most readers. This book is based on a large number of basic materials and related research works on the modern history of China and Japan, with political history and diplomatic history as the core. It systematically introduces the changes and collisions between the two countries during this period from the perspective of comparative history. It occasionally intersperses some real historical stories and an introduction to the general trend of the world at that time, hoping that readers can establish a clearer understanding of the history of Taisho and the early Republic of China.