All ethnic groups are equal. This is the basic principle of Marxism-Leninism in dealing with ethnic issues. This principle is applicable to dealing with current ethnic issues as well as historical ethnic issues. In the long historical period of class society, the relationship between ethnic groups was unequal. This fact is full of world history and Chinese history. Until now, in the discussion of ethnic history, some people still raise the issue of the nationality of ethnic groups in Chinese history. Some people argue that all ancient ethnic groups active in today's China are considered Chinese. Some people also argue that the determination of whether a historical nation is Chinese should be based on the scope of political rule of the dynasty at that time, which was mainly headed by the Han people. They advocated that when the Xiongnu, Khitan, Jurchen, Mongolian and other ethnic groups have not yet been included in the political rule of the Han dynasty, they should not be regarded as Chinese, but should be treated as foreigners. Historian Jian Bozan refuted the second view and gave detailed answers to several questions such as "the issue of national assimilation and integration," "the issue of war and peace between ethnic groups," and the "issue of national heroes." His views are still of guiding significance today. In addition, there are also articles such as "The National Army in the Civil War during the Three Kingdoms Period", "A Study on the Origin of the Tubo Race", "From the Peace and Affair Policy of the Western Han Dynasty to Zhaojun's Departure from the Fortress" and "The People's Struggle of the Central Plains People Against the Tatar Rulers in the Yuan Dynasty".
