New Deals and Frontier New Deals in the Late Qing Dynasty (2 Volumes in Total)

The New Deal in the late Qing Dynasty was the third and final reform movement launched by the late Qing government after the Westernization Movement and the Reform Movement of 1898. Its intensity was far greater than the previous two reforms, covering politics, economy, military, culture, education, social life, and reforms in border areas. This book is a collection of papers from the Sixth International Academic Symposium on Late Qing History, held in Lanzhou from July 17 to 18, 2014. It covers the various reforms of the New Deal, the late Qing's border affairs thought, border defense policy, the New Deal in the frontier, and the frontier New Deal and modernization. It is of academic value in promoting the study of late Qing history, late Qing New Deal history, and late Qing border history.