From Agriculture 1.0 to Agriculture 4.0: Ecological Transformation and Agricultural Sustainability

The rapid development of industrial civilization has brought serious ecological crisis and agricultural dilemma. What is the way out for agricultural dilemma and human civilization? The answer is: the transformation from industrial civilization to ecological civilization, and the return of industrialized agriculture to sustainable agriculture. The first chapter of this book uses Zhu Kezhen's hypothesis that the development of human civilization is greatly affected by climate change as a wedge to discuss the innate differences and evolution of human agricultural civilization constrained by geography, climate and nature, and elaborates on the nature of agriculture and the close relationship between agriculture and ecology. Chapter 2 discusses the subject-object dichotomy as the epistemological root of the global ecological crisis, and summarizes the theoretical resources for sustainable agriculture in the East that are different from "Western centralism" and "the unity of nature and man". Chapter 3 discusses the "Anglo-Saxon model" of large farm agriculture in colonial countries, the "Rhein model" of small and medium-sized farm agriculture in European metropolitan countries, and the "East Asian model" of indigenous agriculture that has not been completely colonized by the West. The "three-part world" pattern of world agriculture. Chapter 4 sorts out China's sustainable agriculture that has lasted for thousands of years and is facing a crisis due to the institutional transformation of national industrialization, local government industrialization and globalization, as well as the technological transformation of biotechnology, chemistry and mechanization; it proposes the return of sustainable development of China's agriculture. Chapter 5 summarizes the path to sustainable rural development through valuing rural ecological resources in Lishui, Zhejiang, Longde, Ningxia, Chengkou, Chongqing, and Luodian, Guizhou. Chapter 6 introduces the domestic and foreign experiences of sustainable agriculture, and points out the direction of sustainable agricultural development through international comparative research.