Two Thousand Years: Chinese Enterprises from the 7Th Century BC to 1869

Updated to CITIC 2015 Commemorative Edition ★The history of Chinese enterprises for more than two thousand years is ultimately a history of political and business games! ★ ★Following "Thirty Years of Turmoil" and "One Hundred Years of Fluctuation", over a span of more than two thousand years from the 7th century BC to 1869, the famous financial writer Wu Xiaobo continued the research themes of the first two works and once again explored the relationship between the state and capital, and the government and the business class. ★ Why is China's industrial and commercial civilization premature and late-maturing? What role does China's business class play in social progress? Why are China's political and business relations so rigid and antagonistic? In what way will China's market economic system be finally fully established? Is there room for mediation and integration between "Chinese characteristics" and universal laws? As the third volume in the "Trilogy of Chinese Corporate History" series of research works, following "Thirty Years of Turmoil" and "One Hundred Years of Turmoil", the famous financial writer Wu Xiaobo continues the research theme of the first two works during the more than two thousand years from the 7th century BC to 1869, once again exploring the relationship between the state and capital, the government and the business class, and trying to find answers to these contemporary issues. The author's writing shows that under the highly authoritarian centralized system, the opposition and tension between the government and the business class lasted throughout the imperial period of more than two thousand years. For more than two thousand years, the control, interference and exploitation of business by the state machinery have been the most important factors hindering the development of industrial and commercial civilization. The history of Chinese enterprises, which lasts for more than two thousand years, is ultimately a history of political and business games. In this book, some of the above questions have found answers, while others are still lingering in the fog.