A famous Westernization bureaucrat and scholar in the late Qing Dynasty. The courtesy name is Xiaoda, the nickname is Xiangtao, and the late name is Baobing. He is from Nanpi, Zhili. Tongzhi Jinshi, awarded the Imperial Academy editorship. He successively served as deputy examiner of Zhejiang Provincial Examination, Hubei Academic Affairs, and Sichuan Academic Affairs. In the fifth year of Guangxu's reign, he moved to serve as a bachelor. From 1889 to 1906, he served as governor of Huguang for nearly 19 years. During this period, he put forward the program of the Westernization Movement of "Chinese learning as the body and Western learning as the application". He vigorously promoted Westernization and became a senior Westernization official second only to Li Hongzhang. In 1906, he went to Beijing to serve as co-organizer of the University and Tirenge University. The following year, he was transferred to the position of Minister of Military Affairs and took charge of the affairs of the academic department. In 1908, he served as the Minister of Supervision of the Guangdong-Hankong Railway and the Minister of Supervision of the Sichuan-Hankou Railway in the Hubei Province. In the first year of Xuantong (1909), he was appointed as the president of Zhenlu Museum and died of severe illness in Beijing. The overflow name is "Wenxiang". He is the author of "The Complete Works of Zhang Wenxiang", a collection of more than one hundred volumes.
