The Invention of Good and Evil

About This Novel

Humans are naturally social animals, but they are always in conflict. Since the advent of mankind, global mobility has continued to increase, and information technology has allowed people to communicate with each other. However, the world seems to be becoming more polarized and conservative, with constant estrangement and disputes. Can people with different positions still communicate and cooperate effectively today? Is human morality really declining? Or, let us ask a fundamental question - how did human society get to where it is today? In this book, German philosophy scholar Hanno Sauer uses archaeology, anthropology, sociology, psychology and other research tools as tools to explore how the standards and norms of good and evil of the human species evolve with group size, institutional changes and technological changes. From the time when humans learned to walk upright to the rapid development to the present century, the book shows seven key transitions from far to near: the birth of humans and group cooperation 5 million years ago, the emergence of punishment mechanisms 500,000 years ago, the evolution of culture 50,000 years ago, the invention of inequality 5,000 years ago, the emergence of modern society 500 years ago, the call for minority rights 50 years ago, and the rise of woke culture in the past five years. By teasing out the deep history of values, norms, institutions, and practices, Sauer offers a revelation that reshapes human moral thinking. He reminded us that today's social form is just the latest link in the long evolution of human "good" and "evil". Under the surface differences, most people still basically hold similar values, that is, valuing cooperation, freedom and security. This will become a new basis for us to re-understand each other.

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