New Cambridge Modern History of the World (volume 4): the Decline of Spain and the Thirty Years' War (1609-1648/1659)
About This Novel
Wars, plagues, rebellions, religious and dynastic conflicts changed the distribution of power between them, as well as their structures, and many of the social, intellectual and political foundations of ancient Europe were laid. The masses of the people suffered the direct and indirect effects of the war, but limited and authoritarian governments and various social groups strengthened themselves. In this book, the author discusses the transfer of power and command of the sea lanes of northwest Europe, the defeat of the Habsburg regime in Spain and Germany, and their restoration of power in Bohemia, and assesses the internal costs of France's victory over Spain in the 1650s and its position, with the large immediate benefits gained by the smaller ones, the Netherlands and Sweden.
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