Concepts and Systems: Focusing on the Investigation of the Servant System in the Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties
by Xu Cheng
About This Novel
This book examines the evolution of the chamberlain system from the Northern Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, highlighting the close relationship between concepts and systems. In the early Northern Wei Dynasty, there was no distinction between internal and external dynasties. The Sui Dynasty unified the north and the south, established the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and positioned the internal affairs department as a subordinate agency of Nanya. In the early Li and Tang Dynasties, the internal servant system inherited the establishment model of the early Sui Dynasty, and internal servants could still serve as officials of the external court. By the time of the rise of the Anshi army, the practice of eunuchs serving as officials at foreign courts reached its final peak. Since the death of Yu Chao En in the Tang Dynasty, eunuchs no longer served as external court officials in principle, but the internal dynasty institutions and functions controlled by eunuchs expanded. During the turmoil in the late Tang Dynasty, eunuchs broke through the political participation model of the inner dynasty system. However, with the subsequent death of the Tang Dynasty, the system of internal servants participating in politics in the Middle Ages came to an end.
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