Creating the European: the Birth of Modernity and the Shaping of European Culture
by M
About This Novel
Through the experiences of the writer Turgenev, the French soprano and composer Pauline Viardot, and Pauline's husband, the well-known translator and art critic Louis Viardot, this book explores how the rise of the railway age in the 19th century contributed to the encounter between art and capitalism, how it shaped European literature and art, and how Europe was culturally regarded as a whole without being restricted by national boundaries, forming a consensus of "European culture" and "European civilization." Artists and their works travel across the country. For example, in 1847, Berlioz took the same railway from Paris to Russia via Brussels to hold a concert. Bands, choirs, opera and theater actors, traveling art exhibitions, writers, etc. Became regular guests on the train. International markets opened up for mass-produced cheap reproductions of paintings and prints of books and musical scores.
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