History of Cartography (volume 2·part 3): History of Cartography of Traditional Societies in Africa, America, the Arctic Circle, Australia and the Pacific

About This Novel

This volume provides an overview of the cartography of traditional societies in Africa, the Americas, the Eurasian Arctic, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. Although people in these traditional societies lack the kind of artifacts that are customarily called maps like those developed by civilizations in the Eurasian continent, they still have cartographic thinking and can use images to present their understanding of space. Therefore, the study of these traditional social cartography can, on the one hand, reveal the diversity of human ethnic groups in different environments in expressing cartographic thinking and implementing cartographic activities according to local conditions; on the other hand, it can reveal the commonalities in cartographic thinking of various human ethnic groups. The first chapter, the introduction, introduces the theoretical framework required when studying traditional social cartography, and points out that terms such as "map" and "cartography" need to be treated in a broad sense. Chapters 2 and 3 discuss the traditional cartography of southern Africa and tropical Africa respectively; Chapters 4 and 5 detail the indigenous cartography of North America and Central America in a cultural sense respectively; Chapters 6 and 7 discuss the indigenous cartography of the two regions of South America; Chapter 8 discusses the traditional cartography of the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions of the Eurasian continent. ; Chapters 9 and 10 explore the cartographic practice of Australian Aboriginals from two perspectives; Chapters 11 to 14 cover the traditional cartography of the Pacific Islands, of which Chapter 12 introduces the Papua New Guinea region, Chapter 13 introduces the nautical cartography of Oceania, and Chapter 14 covers the cartography of the Maori people of New Zealand. The conclusion of Chapter 15 provides a preliminary summary of the common features of cartographic thinking in traditional societies, providing useful inspiration for further understanding the history of human cartography practice through cross-cultural approaches in the future.

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